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Commonly
Abused Drugs
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Substances:
Category
and Name |
Examples
of Commercial
and
Street Names |
DEA
Schedule* |
How
administered** |
Intoxication
Effects
Potential
Health Consequences |
What
to Look For |
| Cannabinoids |
euphoria,
slowed thinking and reaction time, confusion,
impaired balance and coordination
cough,
frequent respiratory infections; impaired memory
and learning; increased heart rate, anxiety; panic
attacks; tolerance, addiction |
Rolling
papers, pipes, dried plant materials, odor of burnt
hemp rope, roach clips |
| hashish |
boom, chronic, gangster,
hash, hash oil, hemp |
I |
swallowed, smoked |
| marijuana |
blunt, dope, ganja, grass, herb, joints,
Mary Jane, pot, reefer, sinsemilla, skunk, weed |
I |
swallowed, smoked |
| Depressants |
reduced
anxiety; feeling of well-being; lowered inhibitions;
slowed pulse and breathing; lowered blood pressure;
poor concentration
fatigue;
confusion; impaired coordination, memory, judgment;
addiction; respiratory depression and arrest,
death |
Capsules
and pills, confused behavior, longer periods of
sleep, slurred speech |
| |
| barbiturates |
Amytal,
Nembutal, Seconal, Phenobarbital
barbs,
red, red bird, phennies, tooies, yellows, yellow
jackets |
II, III,
V |
injected,
swallowed |
sedation,
drowsiness
depression,
unusual excitement, fever, irritability, poor
judgment, slurred speech, dizziness, life-threatening
withdrawal. |
|
| benodiazepines
(other than flunitrazepmam) |
Ativan,
Halcion, Librium, Valium, Xanax
candy,
downers, sleeping pills, tranks |
IV |
swallowed |
sedation,
drowsiness
dizziness
|
|
| flunitrazepam*** |
Rohypnol
forget-me
pill, Mexican Valium, R2, Roche, roofies, foofinol,
rope, rophies |
IV |
swallowed,
snorted |
visual
and gastrointestinal disturbances, urinary retention,
memory loss for the time under the drug's effects
|
|
| GHB*** |
gamma-hydroxybutyrate
G,
Georgia home boy, grievous bodily harm, liquid
ecstasy |
None |
swallowed |
drowsiness,
nausea/vomiting, headache, loss of consciousness,
loss of reflexes, seizures, coma, death |
|
| methaqualone |
Quaalude,
Sopor, Parest
ludes,
mandrex, quad, quay |
I |
injected,
swallowed |
euphoria
depression,
poor reflexes, slurred speech, coma |
|
| Dissociative
Anesthetics |
increased
heart rate and blood pressure, impaired motor
function
memory
loss; numbness; nausea/vomiting |
Capsules
and pills, confused behavior, longer periods of
sleep, slurred speech |
| |
| ketamine |
Ketalar
SV
cat
Valiums, K, Special K, vitamin K |
III |
injected,
snorted, smoked |
at
high doses, delirium, depression, respiratory depression
and arrest |
|
| PCP
and analogs |
phencyclidine
angel
dust, boat, hog, love boat, peace pill |
I, II |
injected,
swallowed, smoked |
possible
decrease in blood pressure and heart rate, panic,
aggression, violence
loss
of appetite, depression |
|
| Hallucinogens |
altered
states of perception and feeling; nausea
chronic
mental disorders, persisting perception disorder
(flashbacks) |
Capsules,
tablets, "microdots," blotter squares |
| |
| LSD |
lysergic
acid diethylamide
acid,
blotter, boomers, cubes, mirodot, yellow sunshines |
I |
swallowed,
absorbed through mouth tissues |
For
LSD and mescaline—increased
body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure;
loss of appetite, sleeplessness, numbness, weakness,
tremors |
|
| mescaline |
buttons,
cactus, mesc, peyote |
I |
swallowed,
smoked |
| psilocybin |
magic mushroom,
purple passion, shrooms |
I |
swallowed |
nervousness,
paranoia |
|
| Opioids
and Morphine Derivatives |
pain
relief, euphoria, drowsiness
nausea,
constipation, confusion, sedation, respiratory
depression and arrest, tolerance, addiction, unconsciousness,
coma, death |
Needle
marks on arms, needles, syringes, spoons, pipes,
pinpoint pupils, cold moist skin |
| |
| codeine |
Empirin
with Codeine, Fiorinal with Codeine, Robitussin
A-C, Tylenol with Codeine
Captain
Cody, Cody, schoolboy; (with glutethimide) doors
and flours, loads, pancakes and syrup |
II, III,
IV |
injected,
swallowed |
less
analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression
than morphine |
|
| fentanyl |
Actiq,
Duragesic, Sublimaze
Apache,
China girl, China white, dance fever, friend,
goodfella, jackpot, murder 8, TNT, Tango and Cash |
II |
injected,
smoked, snorted |
|
|
| heroin |
diacetylmorphine
brown
sugar, dope, H, horse, junk, skag, skunk, smack,
white horse |
I |
injected,
smoked, snorted |
staggering
gait |
|
| morphine |
Roxanol,
Duramorph
M, Miss
emma, monkey, white stuff |
II, III |
injected,
swallowed, smoked |
|
|
| opium |
laudanum,
paregoric
big
O, black stuff, block, gum, hop |
II, III,
V |
swallowed,
smoked |
|
|
| Stimulants |
Increased
heart rate, blood pressure, metabolism; feelings
of exhilaration, energy, increased mental alertness
rapid
or irregular heart beat; reduced appetite, weight
loss, heart failure, nervousness, insomnia |
Pills
and capsules, loss of sleep and appetite, irritability
or anxiety, weight loss, hyperactivity |
| |
| amphetamine |
Biphetamine,
Dexedrine
bennies,
black beauties, crosses, hearts, LA turnaround,
speed, truck drivers, uppers |
II |
injected,
swallowed, smoked, snorted |
rapid
breathing; hallucinations
tremor,
loss of coordination; irritability, anxiousness,
restlessness, delirium, panic, paranoia, impulsive
behavior, aggressiveness, tolerance, addiction,
psychosis |
|
| cocaine |
Cocaine
hydrochloride
blow,
pump, C, candy, Charlie, coke, crack, flake, rock,
snow, toot |
II |
injected,
smoked, snorted |
increased
temperature
chest
pain, respiratory failure, nausea, abdominal pain,
strokes, seizures, headaches, malnutrition, panic
attacks |
|
MDMA
(methyl-
enedioxymetham-
phetamine) |
DOB,
DOM, MDA
Adam,
clarity, ecstasy, Eve, lover's speed, peace, STP,
X, XTC |
I |
swallowed |
mild
hallucinogenic effects, increased tactile sensitivity,
empathic feelings, hypothermia
impaired
memory and learning, cardiac toxicity, renal failure,
liver toxicity |
|
| methamphetamine |
Desoxyn
chalk,
crank, crystal, fire, glass, go fast, ice, meth,
speed |
II |
injected,
swallowed, smoked, snorted |
aggression,
violence, psychotic behavior
memory
loss, cardiac and neurological damage; impaired
memory and learning, tolerance, addiction |
|
| methylphenidate |
Ritalin
JIF,
MPH, R-ball, Skippy, the smart drug, vitamin R
|
II |
injected,
swallowed, snorted |
increase
or decrease in blood pressure, psychotic episodes
digestive
problems, loss of appetite weight loss |
|
| nicotine |
bidis, chew,
cigars, cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, snuff, spit
tobacco |
none |
smoked,
snorted, taken in snuff and spit tobacco |
additional
effects attributable to tobacco exposure, adverse
pregnancy outcomes, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular
disease, stroke, cancer, tolerance, addiction |
|
| Other
Compounds |
| anabolic
steroids |
Anadrol,
Oxandrin, Durabolin, Depo-Testosterone, Equipoise
roids,
juice |
III |
injected,
swallowed, applied to skin |
no
intoxication effects
hypertension,
blood clotting and cholesterol changes, liver
cysts and cancer, kidney cancer, hostility and
aggression, acne; in adolescents, premature stoppage
of growth; in males, prostate cancer, reduced
sperm production, shrunken testicles, breast enlargement;
in females, menstrual irregularities, development
of beard and other masculine characteristics |
|
| Inhalants |
Solvents
(paint thinners, gasoline, glues), gases (butane,
propane, aerosol propellants, nitrous oxide), nitrites
(isoamyl, isobutyl, cyclohexyl); laughing gas, poppers,
snappers, whippets |
none |
inhaled
through nose or mouth |
stimulation,
loss of inhibition; headache; nausea or vomiting;
slurred speech, loss of motor coordination; wheezing
unconsciousness,
cramps, weight loss, muscle weakness, depression,
memory impairment, damage to cardiovascular and
nervous systems, sudden death |
Odor of substance on
clothing and breath, intoxication, drowsiness, poor
muscular control, flushed skin. |
| Alcohol |
Beer, wine,
liquor |
None |
swallowed |
Intoxication,
slurred speech, unsteady walk, relaxation, relaxed
inhibitions, impaired coordination, slowed reflexes
Addiction,
accident due to impaired ability & judgement,
overdose when mixed with other depressants, heart
and liver damage |
Smell of alcohol on
clothes or breath, intoxicated behavior, hangover,
glazed eyes. |
*Schedule
I and II drugs have a high potential for abuse.
They require greater storage security and have
a quota on manufacturing, among other restrictions.
Schedule I drugs are available for research only
and have no approved medical use; Schedule II
drugs are available only by prescription (unrefillable)
and require a form for ordering. Schedule III
and IV drugs are available by prescription, may
have five refills in 6 months, and may be ordered
orally. Most Schedule V drugs are available over
the counter.
**Taking drugs by injection can increase the risk
of infection through needle contamination with
staphylococci, HIV, hepatitis, and other organisms.
***Associated with sexual assaults. |
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